Buddhist caves are a type of rock-cut architecture found in various parts of Asia, particularly in India. These caves were excavated from the mountainside or cliffs and served as places of worship, meditation, and residence for Buddhist monks and nuns. Some of the famous ancient Buddhist caves in India include: Ajanta Caves: Located in Maharashtra, India, the Ajanta Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for their exquisite rock-cut Buddhist temples and monasteries. These caves were built between the 2nd century BCE and 6th century CE and are adorned with intricate sculptures and paintings depicting the life and teachings of the Buddha. Ellora Caves: Also located in Maharashtra, the Ellora Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and consist of 34 rock-cut temples and monasteries, including Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain structures. These caves were built between the 6th and 10th centuries CE and are famous for their intricate carvings and sculptures. Karla Caves: Located in Maharashtra, the Karla Caves are a complex of ancient Buddhist rock-cut temples and monasteries dating back to the 2nd century BCE. These caves are known for their impressive chaitya halls (prayer halls) and intricate carvings. Bhaja Caves: Also located in Maharashtra, the Bhaja Caves are a group of 22 rock-cut caves dating back to the 2nd century BCE. These caves are known for their stunning sculptures and carvings depicting Buddhist deities and scenes from the life of the Buddha. Kanheri Caves: Located in Mumbai, Maharashtra, the Kanheri Caves are a group of over 100 rock-cut caves and monasteries dating back to the 1st century BCE. These caves served as important centers of Buddhist learning and meditation and are known for their unique water management systems and beautiful rock-cut sculptures.
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